LO-3 Notes

-After Punic Wars Rome had the biggest empire of that time period
-War and conquest brought the traditional social order into chaos
-The people elected into the Roman Republic would use their power to their advantage and not the people's
-After the Republic ended, a monarchy was started
-The Punic Wars and other conflicts caused small farmers to be assigned to a battle instead of choosing to join
-Farmers would serve for many years and come home too find that their land has gone bad or the rich had bought it too add onto a latifundia
-The small farmers fell to the social status of a "proletarian"
-A proletarian is a person who doesn't have property but they can vote for government leaders

Punic Wars and More

First Punic War- Carthage wanted complete control over Cecile and lost to Rome
Second Punic War- Hannibal (general) convinced the government that if they could defeat Rome that the entire Med. area would be theirs. They attacked Rome by going through an unexpected route with elephants and a big army; they lost a lot of elephants while going through climates they weren't used to. Even though they caught Rome off guard after destroying many small towns, they lost so many people from the journey through the mountains and terranes, Rome won again.
Third Punic War- Rome was annoyed with Carthage getting into Rome's business and completely destoryed Carthage. They enslaved people, killed people, put a curse on the land, did every thing they could to make sure the people never came together again. Small farm owing men would go to fight in this battle and their families would strggle with the farm. In most cases the rich people would come but the farmers
Assembly- represented the lower class of people or plebeians, called TRIBUTES; democracy
Consuls- were the highest powers in government, they could veto each other; monarchy
Senate- made of about 300 people, represented the Patricians/ richer class; aristocracy

Rome LO-1 Definitions

Patrician- Upper- class citizens who belonged to the oldest and noblest Roman families 
Republic- In reference to ancient Rome, the system of city- state government in which decision making power was shared between the senate and the assemblies of male citizens 
Plebeians- The Roman common people, including workers, small farmers, and wealthy people who were not patricians 
Senate- In ancient Rome, a government assembly appointed by the king, and under the Republic by the consuls; originally all members were patricians, but in time wealthy plebeians were appointed as well 
Consuls- In the Roman Republic, two senators lead the government and military for one- year terms and appointed their own successors 
Dictator- In the Roman Republic; a single leader with full decision making powers, appointed for a maximum six-month term during times of an emergency
Tribunes- Magistrates elected by the plebeians, who eventually gained the power to initiate and veto laws
Client- A person who provides personal services in return for money and protection from a patron 
Patron- A wealthy person who supports others with money and protection in exchange for personal services 
Pontiff- in ancient Rome; one of the Republic's leading priests
Paterfamilias- The "family father" in ancient Rome, who had unlimited power over his house hold 
Matron- Title of honor given to a married women in ancient Rome 

Rome Notes

• Roman valued the Greeks 
• The Romans imitated and improved Greek methods and ways
• Government
• Began as a monarchy with kings 
• Saw the Greek way with the senate to advise the king (senax- oldmen)
• The senate would meet and choose who would replace the king
• Republic-- res publica- the peoples business
• Rome thought it was important for the people to have a say in government
• War
• Took Greek methods and improved upon them and were more successful than the Greeks
• Roman army was the most feared at its time 
• Used many Greek war methods and made them better 
• Italy was in the middle of the middle; great location; better than Greece 
• On seven hills, that helped because they could see enemies coming 
• Believed Gods had given them the perfect location and thought they were the chosen ones to rule 
• Similar climate to Greece, same latitude, but they did not plane olives 
• They had all the advantages of Greece PLUS more room to grow crops- more people- bigger army 
• Latins, Etruscan's, and the Greeks settled the Italian peninsula 
• Patrician- Upper class families, must be born into them, wealthy- the men in charge; with land, money, influence, ect. 
• plebeians- the common people including workers, small farm owners, AND wealthy people who aren't patrician 
• A patrician farmer has many people working on his latifundia (huge area of land) and can sell it for a large amount of money 
• Legend that two boys founded Rome, not the Latins, Etruscan's, and Greek's 

DEFINITIONS:

Rome notes continued 4/9

ROMAN REPUBLIC : THE SENATE AND THE PEOPLE 

• When first settling, their city- state was ruled by Etruscan conqueror's and other kings 
• king was advised by a group of men called the senate 
• When the king died, the senate chooses a man from themselves to take the throne 
• The man they choose to take the throne must be approved by male citizens
• Rome was controlled mostly by the senate and the patricians 
• 500 B.C. Rome threw out the Etruscan rulers and ended monarchy 
• The Roman Republic was developed under the influences of the social conflicts between the aristocrats and commoners 
• Roman government ended up being a combination of both Greek democracy and an oligarchy 

PATRICIANS AND PLEBEIANS 

• Patricians were the aristocrats 
• Plebeians were the commoners, you were a plebeian if you did not belong to a Patrician family
• In early times the senate was about 300 Patrician men, 2 of them were consuls 
• The consuls led the army and government for one year terms
• Consuls appointed senators and chose their own successors 
• Consuls had the ability to veto the others law making proposals
• Romans always put two men in charge of the same magistracy to avoid becoming a monarchy again 
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Rome pages 88-94 Notes 4/8

• Imitated Greek civilization but improved on warfare and government 
• Had a Republic style government for centuries that was better than the Greek government 
• Battle techniques were more successful than the Greeks 
• Rome treated captured enemies better then Greece did 
• Over 5 centuries Rome was an empire that expanded from Mesopotamia to the Atlantic Ocean 
• The expansion led to social conflicts, political crisis, civil war, and unstable rule by army commanders 
• The ruler problem ended when Augustus Caesar(military commander) took charge and turned military rule in to a manageable system that one man could control

ITALY AND ITS PEOPLE

• Tribes moved into Italy, in a Mediterranean land 
• the land had similar farming resources to Greece or Palestine, but could support more people and armies 
• Settlers formed into groups, one of them the Latins of central Italy 
• Some Latins settled towards the mouth of the Tiber river and built small civilization on the small hills, getting the known name of "Seven Hills"
• in 750 B.C. the small settlements came together and formed a city-state know as Rome 
• The Latins being already settled there had influence on Roman Civilization 
• Roman's learned the alphabet and about Greek city states from their neighboring city-states
• Etruscan's 
• non Indo-European immigrants 
• Arrived in Italy from somewhere East around 9th century 
• Got control of lands north of the Latins called Etruria 
• They established city-states with ruling Kings 
• Created a civilization with influences from eastern areas and Greece 
• in 7th century they conquered Latium 
• At one point Etruscan Kings ruled Rome 
• Romans adopted a gridiron street plan, gladiatorial combats, and the masonry arch 
• Notes continued on 4/9 post